Continuous glucose monitors measure your blood sugar level from fluid under your skin. These monitors are used mostly by people who are on insulin pumps to control their diabetes. Some monitors do not require a finger prick. Keep a record of your blood sugar for yourself and your health care team. These numbers will help if you have problems managing your diabetes. You and your provider should set a target goal for your blood sugar level at different times during the day.
You should also plan what to do when your blood sugar is too low or high. Talk to your provider about your target for the A1C test. This lab test shows your average blood sugar level over the past 3 months. It shows how well you are controlling your diabetes. Low blood sugar is called hypoglycemia. Keeping good control of your blood sugar can help prevent low blood sugar. Talk to your provider if you're not sure about the causes and symptoms of low blood sugar.
People with diabetes are more likely than those without diabetes to have foot problems. Diabetes damages the nerves. This can make your feet less able to feel pressure, pain, heat, or cold. You may not notice a foot injury until you have severe damage to the skin and tissue below, or you get a severe infection.
Diabetes can also damage blood vessels. Small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin sores ulcers. The affected limb may need to be amputated if these skin ulcers do not heal, or become larger, deeper, or infected. Your provider may prescribe medicines or other treatments to reduce your chances of developing common complications of diabetes , including:.
With type 1 diabetes, you are also at risk of developing conditions such as hearing loss, gum disease, bone disease, or yeast infections in women.
Keeping your blood sugar under good control can help prevent these conditions. Talk with your health care team about other things you can do to lower your chances of developing diabetes complications. People with diabetes should make sure to keep up on their vaccination schedule. Living with diabetes can be stressful. You may feel overwhelmed by everything you need to do to manage your diabetes.
But taking care of your emotional health is just as important as your physical health. Feeling sad or down depressed or anxious sometimes is normal. But if you have these feelings often and they're getting in the way of managing your diabetes, talk with your health care team. They can find ways to help you feel better.
There are many diabetes resources that can help you understand more about type 1 diabetes. You can also learn ways to manage your condition so that you can live well with diabetes. Tight control of blood glucose can prevent or delay diabetes complications.
But these problems can occur, even in people with good diabetes control. You can treat early signs of hypoglycemia at home by drinking orange juice, eating sugar or candy, or by taking glucose tablets. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented currently. This is a very active area of research. In , a study using an injectable medication was able to delay the onset of type 1 diabetes in high-risk children. There is no screening test for type 1 diabetes in people who have no symptoms.
However, antibody testing can identify children at higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes if they have first-degree relatives sibling, parent with type 1 diabetes. Insulin-dependent diabetes; Juvenile onset diabetes; Diabetes - type 1; High blood sugar - type 1 diabetes.
American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. PMID: pubmed. If a honeymoon period occurs, it starts shortly after diagnosis and can last anywhere from two weeks to two years. You will need to continue to take small amounts of insulin during this time. After the honeymoon period is over, the pancreas will no longer produce insulin and insulin needs to go up. There must be a balance between insulin, food, and exercise to keep your diabetes under control Picture 3.
Education is necessary to help you and your family understand how to properly take care of you and your diabetes. Insulin is made in the laboratory using a chemical process.
There are a number of types of insulin. Your doctor will prescribe the kind that is best for you. You will need multiple shots of insulin every day. It is given by injection. Your nurse will teach you and your parents how to give the insulin shots. You will need foods that help your body grow, produce energy and keep your blood sugar in balance. Your dietitian will help to set up a meal plan based on your age, gender, and activity level. Ask your diabetes nurse educator or dietitian about how you can learn to include all food groups how to count carbohydrates so you can have a flexible meal plan.
Exercise builds muscles, keeps the body in shape, improves general health, helps keep you mentally alert and increases the heart muscle tone. Exercise improves the way insulin is absorbed and used by the body. And it usually makes the blood sugar go down. Include exercise in your daily plan. Monitoring your diabetes means checking to see if it is under control.
This is called insulin resistance. In response to this insulin resistance, the pancreas should make more insulin, but in the case of type 2 diabetes, this does not happen. Because of these two problems, insulin resistance and trouble making extra insulin, there is not enough of an insulin effect to move the glucose from the blood into the cells. Type 2 diabetes is more likely to occur in people who are over the age of 40, overweight, and have a family history of diabetes, although more and more younger people, including adolescents, are developing type 2 diabetes.
This glucose comes from food—mostly carbohydrates, but occasionally from proteins, too. In a healthy body, carbs are all broken down into glucose. That glucose leaves the intestine, travels through the liver, and eventually makes its way into the blood stream. The hormone acts as a doorman, allowing glucose to come inside. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by little clusters of cells, known as beta cells. When working properly, this interplay between glucose, insulin, and beta cells maintains glucose levels between 70 and milligrams per deciliter of blood.
In both types of diabetes, this balance gets interrupted in some way. Much progress has been made in the treatment of IDDM in children and adolescents during the past 15 years. The perfect tools required to ensure relative normoglycemia at all times are still not available.
Until the time that a perfect and permanent indwelling glucose sensor can be developed and connected to an insulin infusing device, or much less toxic immunosuppressive drugs enable pancreatic or beta-cell transplantation on a wide basis, we should endeavor to provide the best possible care for our patients with this most difficult disease.
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